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sed [2024/07/19 00:42]
admin angelegt 		sed [2025/05/05 14:07] (aktuell)
admin
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
 +See also [[grep]], [[awk|awk]].
  
 +<code>
 +# ersetzt das erste Vorkommen von suchmuster in jeder Zeile der Datei 
 +sed 's/suchmuster/ersatz/' dateiname
 +
 +# g (global) alle Vorkommen von suchmuster in jeder Zeile ersetzt
 +sed 's/suchmuster/ersatz/g' dateiname
 +
 +# nur in der 2. Zeile
 +sed '2s/suchmuster/ersatz/' dateiname
 +
 +# nur Zeilen die dem Suchmuster entsprechen
 +sed '/suchmuster/s/suchmuster/ersatz/' dateiname
 +
 +# vor der zweiten Zeile einfügen. a kann verwendet werden, um Text nach der Zeile einzufügen
 +sed '2i\eingefügter text' dateiname
 +
 +# Lösche die 2. Zeile
 +sed '2d' dateiname
 +
 +# Anweisungen kombinieren (gilt für jede Zeile)
 +sed -e 's/muster1/ersatz1/' -e 's/muster2/ersatz2/' dateiname
 +
 +# Multiline Kommentare (/* Multiline Kommentar */) entfernen
 +sed -i '/\/\*/,/\*\//d' dateiname
 +</code>
 +
 +=====Cheatsheet=====
 +
 +<code>
 +
 +FILE SPACING:
 +
 + # double space a file
 + sed G
 +
 + # double space a file which already has blank lines in it. Output file
 + # should contain no more than one blank line between lines of text.
 + sed '/^$/d;G'
 +
 + # triple space a file
 + sed 'G;G'
 +
 + # undo double-spacing (assumes even-numbered lines are always blank)
 + sed 'n;d'
 +
 + # insert a blank line above every line which matches "regex"
 + sed '/regex/{x;p;x;}'
 +
 + # insert a blank line below every line which matches "regex"
 + sed '/regex/G'
 +
 + # insert a blank line above and below every line which matches "regex"
 + sed '/regex/{x;p;x;G;}'
 +
 +NUMBERING:
 +
 + # number each line of a file (simple left alignment). Using a tab (see
 + # note on '\t' at end of file) instead of space will preserve margins.
 + sed = filename | sed 'N;s/\n/\t/'
 +
 + # number each line of a file (number on left, right-aligned)
 + sed = filename | sed 'N; s/^/     /; s/ *\(.\{6,\}\)\n/\1  /'
 +
 + # number each line of file, but only print numbers if line is not blank
 + sed '/./=' filename | sed '/./N; s/\n/ /'
 +
 + # count lines (emulates "wc -l")
 + sed -n '$='
 +
 +TEXT CONVERSION AND SUBSTITUTION:
 +
 + # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.
 + sed 's/.$//'               # assumes that all lines end with CR/LF
 + sed 's/^M$//'              # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V then Ctrl-M
 + sed 's/\x0D$//'            # works on ssed, gsed 3.02.80 or higher
 +
 + # IN UNIX ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.
 + sed "s/$/`echo -e \\\r`/"            # command line under ksh
 + sed 's/$'"/`echo \\\r`/"             # command line under bash
 + sed "s/$/`echo \\\r`/"               # command line under zsh
 + sed 's/$/\r/'                        # gsed 3.02.80 or higher
 +
 + # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert Unix newlines (LF) to DOS format.
 + sed "s/$//"                          # method 1
 + sed -n p                             # method 2
 +
 + # IN DOS ENVIRONMENT: convert DOS newlines (CR/LF) to Unix format.
 + # Can only be done with UnxUtils sed, version 4.0.7 or higher. The
 + # UnxUtils version can be identified by the custom "--text" switch
 + # which appears when you use the "--help" switch. Otherwise, changing
 + # DOS newlines to Unix newlines cannot be done with sed in a DOS
 + # environment. Use "tr" instead.
 + sed "s/\r//" infile >outfile         # UnxUtils sed v4.0.7 or higher
 + tr -d \r <infile >outfile            # GNU tr version 1.22 or higher
 +
 + # delete leading whitespace (spaces, tabs) from front of each line
 + # aligns all text flush left
 + sed 's/^[ \t]*//'                    # see note on '\t' at end of file
 +
 + # delete trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs) from end of each line
 + sed 's/[ \t]*$//'                    # see note on '\t' at end of file
 +
 + # delete BOTH leading and trailing whitespace from each line
 + sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//'
 +
 + # insert 5 blank spaces at beginning of each line (make page offset)
 + sed 's/^/     /'
 +
 + # align all text flush right on a 79-column width
 + sed -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,78\}$/ &/;ta'  # set at 78 plus 1 space
 +
 + # center all text in the middle of 79-column width. In method 1,
 + # spaces at the beginning of the line are significant, and trailing
 + # spaces are appended at the end of the line. In method 2, spaces at
 + # the beginning of the line are discarded in centering the line, and
 + # no trailing spaces appear at the end of lines.
 + sed  -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ & /;ta'                     # method 1
 + sed  -e :a -e 's/^.\{1,77\}$/ &/;ta' -e 's/\( *\)\1/\1/'  # method 2
 +
 + # substitute (find and replace) "foo" with "bar" on each line
 + sed 's/foo/bar/'             # replaces only 1st instance in a line
 + sed 's/foo/bar/4'            # replaces only 4th instance in a line
 + sed 's/foo/bar/g'            # replaces ALL instances in a line
 + sed 's/\(.*\)foo\(.*foo\)/\1bar\2/' # replace the next-to-last case
 + sed 's/\(.*\)foo/\1bar/'            # replace only the last case
 +
 + # substitute "foo" with "bar" ONLY for lines which contain "baz"
 + sed '/baz/s/foo/bar/g'
 +
 + # substitute "foo" with "bar" EXCEPT for lines which contain "baz"
 + sed '/baz/!s/foo/bar/g'
 +
 + # change "scarlet" or "ruby" or "puce" to "red"
 + sed 's/scarlet/red/g;s/ruby/red/g;s/puce/red/g'   # most seds
 + gsed 's/scarlet\|ruby\|puce/red/g'                # GNU sed only
 +
 + # reverse order of lines (emulates "tac")
 + # bug/feature in HHsed v1.5 causes blank lines to be deleted
 + sed '1!G;h;$!d'               # method 1
 + sed -n '1!G;h;$p'             # method 2
 +
 + # reverse each character on the line (emulates "rev")
 + sed '/\n/!G;s/\(.\)\(.*\n\)/&\2\1/;//D;s/.//'
 +
 + # join pairs of lines side-by-side (like "paste")
 + sed '$!N;s/\n/ /'
 +
 + # if a line ends with a backslash, append the next line to it
 + sed -e :a -e '/\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta'
 +
 + # if a line begins with an equal sign, append it to the previous line
 + # and replace the "=" with a single space
 + sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D'
 +
 + # add commas to numeric strings, changing "1234567" to "1,234,567"
 + gsed ':a;s/\B[0-9]\{3\}\>/,&/;ta'                     # GNU sed
 + sed -e :a -e 's/\(.*[0-9]\)\([0-9]\{3\}\)/\1,\2/;ta'  # other seds
 +
 + # add commas to numbers with decimal points and minus signs (GNU sed)
 + gsed -r ':a;s/(^|[^0-9.])([0-9]+)([0-9]{3})/\1\2,\3/g;ta'
 +
 + # add a blank line every 5 lines (after lines 5, 10, 15, 20, etc.)
 + gsed '0~5G'                  # GNU sed only
 + sed 'n;n;n;n;G;'             # other seds
 +
 +SELECTIVE PRINTING OF CERTAIN LINES:
 +
 + # print first 10 lines of file (emulates behavior of "head")
 + sed 10q
 +
 + # print first line of file (emulates "head -1")
 + sed q
 +
 + # print the last 10 lines of a file (emulates "tail")
 + sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba'
 +
 + # print the last 2 lines of a file (emulates "tail -2")
 + sed '$!N;$!D'
 +
 + # print the last line of a file (emulates "tail -1")
 + sed '$!d'                    # method 1
 + sed -n '$p'                  # method 2
 +
 + # print the next-to-the-last line of a file
 + sed -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x              # for 1-line files, print blank line
 + sed -e '1{$q;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x  # for 1-line files, print the line
 + sed -e '1{$d;}' -e '$!{h;d;}' -e x  # for 1-line files, print nothing
 +
 + # print only lines which match regular expression (emulates "grep")
 + sed -n '/regexp/p'           # method 1
 + sed '/regexp/!d'             # method 2
 +
 + # print only lines which do NOT match regexp (emulates "grep -v")
 + sed -n '/regexp/!p'          # method 1, corresponds to above
 + sed '/regexp/d'              # method 2, simpler syntax
 +
 + # print the line immediately before a regexp, but not the line
 + # containing the regexp
 + sed -n '/regexp/{g;1!p;};h'
 +
 + # print the line immediately after a regexp, but not the line
 + # containing the regexp
 + sed -n '/regexp/{n;p;}'
 +
 + # print 1 line of context before and after regexp, with line number
 + # indicating where the regexp occurred (similar to "grep -A1 -B1")
 + sed -n -e '/regexp/{=;x;1!p;g;$!N;p;D;}' -e h
 +
 + # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)
 + sed '/AAA/!d; /BBB/!d; /CCC/!d'
 +
 + # grep for AAA and BBB and CCC (in that order)
 + sed '/AAA.*BBB.*CCC/!d'
 +
 + # grep for AAA or BBB or CCC (emulates "egrep")
 + sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d    # most seds
 + gsed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/!d'                        # GNU sed only
 +
 + # print paragraph if it contains AAA (blank lines separate paragraphs)
 + # HHsed v1.5 must insert a 'G;' after 'x;' in the next 3 scripts below
 + sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;'
 +
 + # print paragraph if it contains AAA and BBB and CCC (in any order)
 + sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/!d;/BBB/!d;/CCC/!d'
 +
 + # print paragraph if it contains AAA or BBB or CCC
 + sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d
 + gsed '/./{H;$!d;};x;/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d'         # GNU sed only
 +
 + # print only lines of 65 characters or longer
 + sed -n '/^.\{65\}/p'
 +
 + # print only lines of less than 65 characters
 + sed -n '/^.\{65\}/!p'        # method 1, corresponds to above
 + sed '/^.\{65\}/d'            # method 2, simpler syntax
 +
 + # print section of file from regular expression to end of file
 + sed -n '/regexp/,$p'
 +
 + # print section of file based on line numbers (lines 8-12, inclusive)
 + sed -n '8,12p'               # method 1
 + sed '8,12!d'                 # method 2
 +
 + # print line number 52
 + sed -n '52p'                 # method 1
 + sed '52!d'                   # method 2
 + sed '52q;d'                  # method 3, efficient on large files
 +
 + # beginning at line 3, print every 7th line
 + gsed -n '3~7p'               # GNU sed only
 + sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;n;n;}' # other seds
 +
 + # print section of file between two regular expressions (inclusive)
 + sed -n '/Iowa/,/Montana/p'             # case sensitive
 +
 +SELECTIVE DELETION OF CERTAIN LINES:
 +
 + # print all of file EXCEPT section between 2 regular expressions
 + sed '/Iowa/,/Montana/d'
 +
 + # delete duplicate, consecutive lines from a file (emulates "uniq").
 + # First line in a set of duplicate lines is kept, rest are deleted.
 + sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D'
 +
 + # delete duplicate, nonconsecutive lines from a file. Beware not to
 + # overflow the buffer size of the hold space, or else use GNU sed.
 + sed -n 'G; s/\n/&&/; /^\([ -~]*\n\).*\n\1/d; s/\n//; h; P'
 +
 + # delete all lines except duplicate lines (emulates "uniq -d").
 + sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D'
 +
 + # delete the first 10 lines of a file
 + sed '1,10d'
 +
 + # delete the last line of a file
 + sed '$d'
 +
 + # delete the last 2 lines of a file
 + sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d'
 +
 + # delete the last 10 lines of a file
 + sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D'   # method 1
 + sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba'  # method 2
 +
 + # delete every 8th line
 + gsed '0~8d'                           # GNU sed only
 + sed 'n;n;n;n;n;n;n;d;'                # other seds
 +
 + # delete lines matching pattern
 + sed '/pattern/d'
 +
 + # delete ALL blank lines from a file (same as "grep '.' ")
 + sed '/^$/d'                           # method 1
 + sed '/./!d'                           # method 2
 +
 + # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first; also
 + # deletes all blank lines from top and end of file (emulates "cat -s")
 + sed '/./,/^$/!d'          # method 1, allows 0 blanks at top, 1 at EOF
 + sed '/^$/N;/\n$/D'        # method 2, allows 1 blank at top, 0 at EOF
 +
 + # delete all CONSECUTIVE blank lines from file except the first 2:
 + sed '/^$/N;/\n$/N;//D'
 +
 + # delete all leading blank lines at top of file
 + sed '/./,$!d'
 +
 + # delete all trailing blank lines at end of file
 + sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/{$d;N;ba' -e '}'  # works on all seds
 + sed -e :a -e '/^\n*$/N;/\n$/ba'        # ditto, except for gsed 3.02.*
 +
 + # delete the last line of each paragraph
 + sed -n '/^$/{p;h;};/./{x;/./p;}'
 +
 +SPECIAL APPLICATIONS:
 +
 + # remove nroff overstrikes (char, backspace) from man pages. The 'echo'
 + # command may need an -e switch if you use Unix System V or bash shell.
 + sed "s/.`echo \\\b`//g"    # double quotes required for Unix environment
 + sed 's/.^H//g'             # in bash/tcsh, press Ctrl-V and then Ctrl-H
 + sed 's/.\x08//g'           # hex expression for sed 1.5, GNU sed, ssed
 +
 + # get Usenet/e-mail message header
 + sed '/^$/q'                # deletes everything after first blank line
 +
 + # get Usenet/e-mail message body
 + sed '1,/^$/d'              # deletes everything up to first blank line
 +
 + # get Subject header, but remove initial "Subject: " portion
 + sed '/^Subject: */!d; s///;q'
 +
 + # get return address header
 + sed '/^Reply-To:/q; /^From:/h; /./d;g;q'
 +
 + # parse out the address proper. Pulls out the e-mail address by itself
 + # from the 1-line return address header (see preceding script)
 + sed 's/ *(.*)//; s/>.*//; s/.*[:<] *//'
 +
 + # add a leading angle bracket and space to each line (quote a message)
 + sed 's/^/> /'
 +
 + # delete leading angle bracket & space from each line (unquote a message)
 + sed 's/^> //'
 +
 + # remove most HTML tags (accommodates multiple-line tags)
 + sed -e :a -e 's/<[^>]*>//g;/</N;//ba'
 +
 + # extract multi-part uuencoded binaries, removing extraneous header
 + # info, so that only the uuencoded portion remains. Files passed to
 + # sed must be passed in the proper order. Version 1 can be entered
 + # from the command line; version 2 can be made into an executable
 + # Unix shell script. (Modified from a script by Rahul Dhesi.)
 + sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' file1 file2 ... fileX | uudecode   # vers. 1
 + sed '/^end/,/^begin/d' "$@" | uudecode                    # vers. 2
 +
 + # sort paragraphs of file alphabetically. Paragraphs are separated by blank
 + # lines. GNU sed uses \v for vertical tab, or any unique char will do.
 + sed '/./{H;d;};x;s/\n/={NL}=/g' file | sort | sed '1s/={NL}=//;s/={NL}=/\n/g'
 + gsed '/./{H;d};x;y/\n/\v/' file | sort | sed '1s/\v//;y/\v/\n/'
 +
 + # zip up each .TXT file individually, deleting the source file and
 + # setting the name of each .ZIP file to the basename of the .TXT file
 + # (under DOS: the "dir /b" switch returns bare filenames in all caps).
 + echo @echo off >zipup.bat
 + dir /b *.txt | sed "s/^\(.*\)\.TXT/pkzip -mo \1 \1.TXT/" >>zipup.bat
 +
 +TYPICAL USE: Sed takes one or more editing commands and applies all of
 +them, in sequence, to each line of input. After all the commands have
 +been applied to the first input line, that line is output and a second
 +input line is taken for processing, and the cycle repeats. The
 +preceding examples assume that input comes from the standard input
 +device (i.e, the console, normally this will be piped input). One or
 +more filenames can be appended to the command line if the input does
 +not come from stdin. Output is sent to stdout (the screen). Thus:
 +
 + cat filename | sed '10q'        # uses piped input
 + sed '10q' filename              # same effect, avoids a useless "cat"
 + sed '10q' filename > newfile    # redirects output to disk
 +
 +For additional syntax instructions, including the way to apply editing
 +commands from a disk file instead of the command line, consult "sed &
 +awk, 2nd Edition," by Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins (O'Reilly,
 +1997; http://www.ora.com), "UNIX Text Processing," by Dale Dougherty
 +and Tim O'Reilly (Hayden Books, 1987) or the tutorials by Mike Arst
 +distributed in U-SEDIT2.ZIP (many sites). To fully exploit the power
 +of sed, one must understand "regular expressions." For this, see
 +"Mastering Regular Expressions" by Jeffrey Friedl (O'Reilly, 1997).
 +The manual ("man") pages on Unix systems may be helpful (try "man
 +sed", "man regexp", or the subsection on regular expressions in "man
 +ed"), but man pages are notoriously difficult. They are not written to
 +teach sed use or regexps to first-time users, but as a reference text
 +for those already acquainted with these tools.
 +
 +QUOTING SYNTAX: The preceding examples use single quotes ('...')
 +instead of double quotes ("...") to enclose editing commands, since
 +sed is typically used on a Unix platform. Single quotes prevent the
 +Unix shell from intrepreting the dollar sign ($) and backquotes
 +(`...`), which are expanded by the shell if they are enclosed in
 +double quotes. Users of the "csh" shell and derivatives will also need
 +to quote the exclamation mark (!) with the backslash (i.e., \!) to
 +properly run the examples listed above, even within single quotes.
 +Versions of sed written for DOS invariably require double quotes
 +("...") instead of single quotes to enclose editing commands.
 +
 +USE OF '\t' IN SED SCRIPTS: For clarity in documentation, we have used
 +the expression '\t' to indicate a tab character (0x09) in the scripts.
 +However, most versions of sed do not recognize the '\t' abbreviation,
 +so when typing these scripts from the command line, you should press
 +the TAB key instead. '\t' is supported as a regular expression
 +metacharacter in awk, perl, and HHsed, sedmod, and GNU sed v3.02.80.
 +
 +VERSIONS OF SED: Versions of sed do differ, and some slight syntax
 +variation is to be expected. In particular, most do not support the
 +use of labels (:name) or branch instructions (b,t) within editing
 +commands, except at the end of those commands. We have used the syntax
 +which will be portable to most users of sed, even though the popular
 +GNU versions of sed allow a more succinct syntax. When the reader sees
 +a fairly long command such as this:
 +
 +   sed -e '/AAA/b' -e '/BBB/b' -e '/CCC/b' -e d
 +
 +it is heartening to know that GNU sed will let you reduce it to:
 +
 +   sed '/AAA/b;/BBB/b;/CCC/b;d'      # or even
 +   sed '/AAA\|BBB\|CCC/b;d'
 +
 +In addition, remember that while many versions of sed accept a command
 +like "/one/ s/RE1/RE2/", some do NOT allow "/one/! s/RE1/RE2/", which
 +contains space before the 's'. Omit the space when typing the command.
 +
 +OPTIMIZING FOR SPEED: If execution speed needs to be increased (due to
 +large input files or slow processors or hard disks), substitution will
 +be executed more quickly if the "find" expression is specified before
 +giving the "s/.../.../" instruction. Thus:
 +
 +   sed 's/foo/bar/g' filename         # standard replace command
 +   sed '/foo/ s/foo/bar/g' filename   # executes more quickly
 +   sed '/foo/ s//bar/g' filename      # shorthand sed syntax
 +
 +On line selection or deletion in which you only need to output lines
 +from the first part of the file, a "quit" command (q) in the script
 +will drastically reduce processing time for large files. Thus:
 +
 +   sed -n '45,50p' filename           # print line nos. 45-50 of a file
 +   sed -n '51q;45,50p' filename       # same, but executes much faster
 +
 +</code>
sed.txt · Zuletzt geändert: 2025/05/05 14:07 von admin

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