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--- start [2025/12/06 09:33]
jango
+++ start [2025/12/10 10:09] (aktuell)
jango
@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
-<code>
-// kernel.c  (freestanding, 32-bit)
-// Minimal "better kernel": VGA terminal + keyboard driver + tiny shell.
-// You can split this later into vga.c/keyboard.c/shell.c.
-#include <stddef.h>
-// -------- types (if you already have uint8/uint16/uint32 in utils.h, remove these) -----
-typedef unsigned char  uint8;
-typedef unsigned short uint16;
-typedef unsigned int   uint32;
-// -------- port I/O ----------
-static inline void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val) {
-    asm volatile ("outb %b0, %w1"
-                  :
-                  : "a"(val), "Nd"(port));
-}
-static inline uint8_t inb(uint16_t port) {
-    uint8_t ret;
-    asm volatile ("inb %w1, %b0"
-                  : "=a"(ret)
-                  : "Nd"(port));
-    return ret;
-}
-static inline void io_wait(void) {
-    // 0x80 ist klassisch "slow" I/O port
-    asm volatile ("outb %b0, %w1" : : "a"((uint8_t)0), "Nd"((uint16_t)0x80));
-}
-// -------- very small utils (no libc) ----------
-static void *memset_(void *dst, int v, size_t n) {
-    uint8 *p = (uint8*)dst;
-    while (n--) *p++ = (uint8)v;
-    return dst;
-}
-static void *memmove_(void *dst, const void *src, size_t n) {
-    uint8 *d = (uint8*)dst;
-    const uint8 *s = (const uint8*)src;
-    if (d == s || n == 0) return dst;
-    if (d < s) { while (n--) *d++ = *s++; }
-    else { d += n; s += n; while (n--) *--d = *--s; }
-    return dst;
-}
-static size_t strlen_(const char *s) {
-    size_t n = 0;
-    while (s && s[n]) n++;
-    return n;
-}
-static int isspace_(char c) { return c==' ' || c=='\t' || c=='\n' || c=='\r'; }
-static int tolower_(int c) { return (c>='A' && c<='Z') ? (c+32) : c; }
-static int strcmpi_(const char *a, const char *b) {
-    while (*a && *b) {
-        int ca = tolower_(*a), cb = tolower_(*b);
-        if (ca != cb) return ca - cb;
-        a++; b++;
-    }
-    return tolower_(*a) - tolower_(*b);
-}
-// -------- VGA terminal ----------
-#define VGA_ADDRESS     0xB8000
-#define VGA_W           80
-#define VGA_H           25
-#define VGA_CRTC_INDEX  0x3D4
-#define VGA_CRTC_DATA   0x3D5
-enum vga_color {
-    BLACK=0, BLUE=1, GREEN=2, CYAN=3, RED=4, MAGENTA=5, BROWN=6, LIGHT_GREY=7,
-    DARK_GREY=8, LIGHT_BLUE=9, LIGHT_GREEN=10, LIGHT_CYAN=11, LIGHT_RED=12,
-    LIGHT_MAGENTA=13, LIGHT_BROWN=14, WHITE=15
-};
-static volatile uint16 *g_vga = (volatile uint16*)VGA_ADDRESS;
-static uint8 g_fg = WHITE, g_bg = BLUE;
-static uint16 g_cursor = 0; // 0..(VGA_W*VGA_H-1)
-static inline uint16 vga_entry(char ch, uint8 fg, uint8 bg) {
-    uint8 attr = (uint8)((bg << 4) | (fg & 0x0F));
-    return (uint16)((uint16)attr << 8) | (uint8)ch;
-}
-static void vga_set_cursor(uint16 pos) {
-    outb(VGA_CRTC_INDEX, 0x0F);
-    outb(VGA_CRTC_DATA, (uint8)(pos & 0xFF));
-    outb(VGA_CRTC_INDEX, 0x0E);
-    outb(VGA_CRTC_DATA, (uint8)((pos >> 8) & 0xFF));
-}
-static void term_set_color(uint8 fg, uint8 bg) { g_fg = fg; g_bg = bg; }
-static void term_clear(void) {
-    for (uint32 i=0; i < VGA_W*VGA_H; i++) g_vga[i] = vga_entry(' ', g_fg, g_bg);
-    g_cursor = 0;
-    vga_set_cursor(g_cursor);
-}
-static void term_scroll_if_needed(void) {
-    uint32 row = g_cursor / VGA_W;
-    if (row < VGA_H) return;
-    // scroll up 1 row
-    memmove_((void*)g_vga, (const void*)(g_vga + VGA_W), (VGA_H-1)*VGA_W*sizeof(uint16));
-    // clear last row
-    for (uint32 i=(VGA_H-1)*VGA_W; i < VGA_H*VGA_W; i++)
-        g_vga[i] = vga_entry(' ', g_fg, g_bg);
-    g_cursor = (VGA_H-1)*VGA_W;
-}
-static void term_putc(char c) {
-    if (c == '\n') {
-        g_cursor += VGA_W - (g_cursor % VGA_W);
-        term_scroll_if_needed();
-        vga_set_cursor(g_cursor);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (c == '\r') return;
-    g_vga[g_cursor++] = vga_entry(c, g_fg, g_bg);
-    term_scroll_if_needed();
-    vga_set_cursor(g_cursor);
-}
-static void term_write(const char *s) {
-    for (size_t i=0; s && s[i]; i++) term_putc(s[i]);
-}
-// backspace within the current line (won't jump to prev line here)
-static void term_backspace(void) {
-    if (g_cursor == 0) return;
-    // don't backspace over prompt " > " (simple guard: stop at col 2)
-    uint16 col = g_cursor % VGA_W;
-    if (col <= 2) return;
-    g_cursor--;
-    g_vga[g_cursor] = vga_entry(' ', g_fg, g_bg);
-    vga_set_cursor(g_cursor);
-}
-// -------- Keyboard (polling, robust, no busy-wait bugs) ----------
-#define KBD_DATA    0x60
-#define KBD_STATUS  0x64
-static inline uint8 kbd_has_data(void) { return (inb(KBD_STATUS) & 0x01); }
-static inline uint8 kbd_read_scancode(void) { return inb(KBD_DATA); }
-// simple typematic repeat filter (like your idea, but safe)
-static uint8 key_down[128];
-static uint8 e0_prefix;
-// scancode set 1 maps
-static const char map_norm[128] = {
-    [0x02]='1',[0x03]='2',[0x04]='3',[0x05]='4',[0x06]='5',[0x07]='6',[0x08]='7',[0x09]='8',[0x0A]='9',[0x0B]='0',
-    [0x0C]='-',[0x0D]='=',
-    [0x10]='q',[0x11]='w',[0x12]='e',[0x13]='r',[0x14]='t',[0x15]='y',[0x16]='u',[0x17]='i',[0x18]='o',[0x19]='p',
-    [0x1A]='[',[0x1B]=']',
-    [0x1E]='a',[0x1F]='s',[0x20]='d',[0x21]='f',[0x22]='g',[0x23]='h',[0x24]='j',[0x25]='k',[0x26]='l',
-    [0x27]=';',[0x28]='\'',[0x29]='`',
-    [0x2B]='\\',
-    [0x2C]='z',[0x2D]='x',[0x2E]='c',[0x2F]='v',[0x30]='b',[0x31]='n',[0x32]='m',
-    [0x33]=',',[0x34]='.',[0x35]='/',
-    [0x39]=' ',
-};
-static const char map_shift[128] = {
-    [0x02]='!',[0x03]='@',[0x04]='#',[0x05]='$',[0x06]='%',[0x07]='^',[0x08]='&',[0x09]='*',[0x0A]='(',[0x0B]=')',
-    [0x0C]='_',[0x0D]='+',
-    [0x10]='Q',[0x11]='W',[0x12]='E',[0x13]='R',[0x14]='T',[0x15]='Y',[0x16]='U',[0x17]='I',[0x18]='O',[0x19]='P',
-    [0x1A]='{',[0x1B]='}',
-    [0x1E]='A',[0x1F]='S',[0x20]='D',[0x21]='F',[0x22]='G',[0x23]='H',[0x24]='J',[0x25]='K',[0x26]='L',
-    [0x27]=':',[0x28]='"',[0x29]='~',
-    [0x2B]='|',
-    [0x2C]='Z',[0x2D]='X',[0x2E]='C',[0x2F]='V',[0x30]='B',[0x31]='N',[0x32]='M',
-    [0x33]='<',[0x34]='>',[0x35]='?',
-    [0x39]=' ',
-};
-static uint8 kbd_shift;
-static uint8 kbd_caps;
-static int kbd_get_scancode_once(uint8 *out_sc) {
-    if (!kbd_has_data()) return 0;
-    uint8 sc = kbd_read_scancode();
-    if (sc == 0xE0) { e0_prefix = 1; return 0; }
-    // break (release)
-    if (sc & 0x80) {
-        uint8 make = sc & 0x7F;
-        if (!e0_prefix && make < 128) key_down[make] = 0;
-        // handle shift release
-        if (!e0_prefix && (make == 0x2A || make == 0x36)) kbd_shift = 0;
-        e0_prefix = 0;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    // make (press) - ignore typematic repeats
-    if (!e0_prefix && sc < 128) {
-        if (key_down[sc]) return 0;
-        key_down[sc] = 1;
-    }
-    e0_prefix = 0;
-    *out_sc = sc;
-    return 1;
-}
-static char kbd_translate(uint8 sc) {
-    // modifiers
-    if (sc == 0x2A || sc == 0x36) { kbd_shift = 1; return 0; } // shift
-    if (sc == 0x3A) { kbd_caps ^= 1; return 0; }               // caps lock
-    // special keys
-    if (sc == 0x1C) return '\n'; // enter
-    if (sc == 0x0E) return '\b'; // backspace
-    if (sc == 0x0F) return '\t'; // tab (optional)
-    char c = kbd_shift ? map_shift[sc] : map_norm[sc];
-    if (!c) return 0;
-    // caps only affects letters (and only if shift isn't producing uppercase already)
-    if (kbd_caps && !kbd_shift && (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')) c = (char)(c - 32);
-    return c;
-}
-// blocking getchar (polling). If you have timer IRQs enabled, you can use hlt to reduce CPU.
-static char kbd_getchar(void) {
-    for (;;) {
-        uint8 sc;
-        if (kbd_get_scancode_once(&sc)) {
-            char c = kbd_translate(sc);
-            if (c) return c;
-        } else {
-            // reduce busy loop a bit
-            io_wait();
-            // OPTIONAL (only if interrupts are enabled):
-            // asm volatile("hlt");
-        }
-    }
-}
-// -------- tiny shell ----------
-#define LINE_MAX 128
-static void shell_prompt(void) {
-    term_putc('\n');
-    term_write("> ");
-}
-static void cmd_help(void) {
-    term_write("Commands:\n");
-    term_write("  help           - this help\n");
-    term_write("  clear          - clear screen\n");
-    term_write("  echo <text>    - print text\n");
-    term_write("  color <fg> <bg>- set colors (0-15)\n");
-    term_write("  reboot         - triple-fault/8042 reboot\n");
-}
-static int parse_u8_dec(const char *s, uint8 *out) {
-    if (!s || !*s) return 0;
-    uint32 v = 0;
-    for (; *s; s++) {
-        if (*s < '0' || *s > '9') return 0;
-        v = v*10u + (uint32)(*s - '0');
-        if (v > 255u) return 0;
-    }
-    *out = (uint8)v;
-    return 1;
-}
-static void do_reboot(void) {
-    // try 8042 reboot pulse
-    outb(0x64, 0xFE);
-    // fallback: halt
-    for (;;) asm volatile("hlt");
-}
-static void shell_exec(char *line) {
-    // tokenize in-place
-    char *argv[8] = {0};
-    int argc = 0;
-    // skip leading spaces
-    while (*line && isspace_(*line)) line++;
-    while (*line && argc < 8) {
-        argv[argc++] = line;
-        while (*line && !isspace_(*line)) line++;
-        if (!*line) break;
-        *line++ = 0;
-        while (*line && isspace_(*line)) line++;
-    }
-    if (argc == 0) return;
-    if (strcmpi_(argv[0], "help") == 0) {
-        cmd_help();
-        return;
-    }
-    if (strcmpi_(argv[0], "clear") == 0) {
-        term_clear();
-        return;
-    }
-    if (strcmpi_(argv[0], "echo") == 0) {
-        if (argc >= 2) {
-            term_write(argv[1]);
-            for (int i=2; i<argc; i++) { term_putc(' '); term_write(argv[i]); }
-        }
-        term_putc('\n');
-        return;
-    }
-    if (strcmpi_(argv[0], "color") == 0) {
-        uint8 fg, bg;
-        if (argc == 3 && parse_u8_dec(argv[1], &fg) && parse_u8_dec(argv[2], &bg) && fg < 16 && bg < 16) {
-            term_set_color(fg, bg);
-            term_write("ok\n");
-        } else {
-            term_write("usage: color <fg 0-15> <bg 0-15>\n");
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-    if (strcmpi_(argv[0], "reboot") == 0) {
-        term_write("rebooting...\n");
-        do_reboot();
-        return;
-    }
-    term_write("unknown command: ");
-    term_write(argv[0]);
-    term_putc('\n');
-}
-static void shell_run(void) {
-    char line[LINE_MAX];
-    size_t len = 0;
-    memset_(line, 0, sizeof(line));
-    term_write("Kernel-OS v2.0\n");
-    term_write("(C) Manuel Zarat (improved)\n");
-    term_write("Type 'help' for commands.\n");
-    term_write("> ");
-    for (;;) {
-        char c = kbd_getchar();
-        if (c == '\b') {
-            if (len > 0) {
-                len--;
-                line[len] = 0;
-                term_backspace();
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (c == '\n') {
-            term_putc('\n');
-            shell_exec(line);
-            memset_(line, 0, sizeof(line));
-            len = 0;
-            term_write("> ");
-            continue;
-        }
-        // printable range: keep it simple
-        if (c >= 32 && c <= 126) {
-            if (len < LINE_MAX - 1) {
-                line[len++] = c;
-                line[len] = 0;
-                term_putc(c);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-// -------- entry ----------
-void kernel_entry(void) {
-    term_set_color(WHITE, BLUE);
-    term_clear();
-    shell_run();
-}
-</code>
 Hallo Besucher! Willkommen in diesem kleinen Wiki rund um IT. Vieles ist noch **unvollständig, unstrukturiert oder vielleicht sogar falsch bzw. irreführend**.

MBCDN

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