Microsoft SQL Server ist ein von [[Microsoft]] entwickelter [[Datenbank]] Server.

[[https://www.dbvis.com/docs/12.0/working-with-sql/using-client-side-commands/export-export-query-result/|Query to CSV Export]]

<code sql>
SELECT @@SERVERNAME         AS ServerName,
       SERVERPROPERTY('MachineName') AS MachineName,
       SERVERPROPERTY('InstanceName') AS InstanceName,
       SERVERPROPERTY('Edition') AS Edition,
       SERVERPROPERTY('ProductVersion') AS ProductVersion,
       SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') AS ProductLevel;
</code>

<code powershell>
Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.Name -like "MSSQL*" }
</code>

<code powershell>
sqlcmd -L
osql -L
sqllocaldb info
</code>

=====Server umbenennen=====

  * Server aus der Domäne raus
  * Server umbenennen
  * Server wieder joinen

<box red>Oder ohne Rejoin</box>

<code>
netdom renamecomputer %computername% /newname:NEUERNAME /userd:DOMÄNE\Admin /passwordd:*
</code>

Danach den Servernamen in SQL Server umbenennen.

====Default Instance====
<code sql>
SELECT @@SERVERNAME; 
 
EXEC sp_dropserver 'OldServerName';
GO

EXEC sp_addserver 'NewServerName', 'local';
GO

-- SQL-Server-Dienst neu starten
</code>

====Named Instance====
<code sql>
SELECT @@SERVERNAME;

EXEC sp_dropserver 'OldServerName\InstanceName';
GO

EXEC sp_addserver 'NewServerName\InstanceName', 'local';
GO

-- SQL-Server-Dienst neu starten
</code>

=====Auth=====

Teste ob [[Kerberos]] oder [[NTLM]] benutzt wird.

<code sql>
SELECT auth_scheme 
FROM sys.dm_exec_connections 
WHERE session_id = @@SPID;
</code>

Gruppenmitgliedschaften & explizite DENY prüfen
Wenn der Zugriff über eine AD-Gruppe kommen soll: Ist der User in der Gruppe? Ist die Gruppe als Login vorhanden und in der DB berechtigt? Prüfe auch, ob irgendwo „DENY CONNECT SQL“ gesetzt wurde:

<code sql>
SELECT sp.name, sp.type_desc, perm.state_desc, perm.permission_name
FROM sys.server_permissions perm
JOIN sys.server_principals sp ON perm.grantee_principal_id = sp.principal_id
WHERE sp.name IN (N'DOMÄNE\serviceuser', N'DOMÄNE\DeineGruppe');
</code>
=====Code=====

<code c++>
#include <windows.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

static void check(SQLRETURN rc, SQLHANDLE handle, SQLSMALLINT type, const char* msg) {
    if (rc == SQL_SUCCESS || rc == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) return;

    SQLCHAR state[6]{};
    SQLINTEGER nativeErr = 0;
    SQLCHAR text[256]{};
    SQLSMALLINT len = 0;

    if (SQLGetDiagRecA(type, handle, 1, state, &nativeErr, text, sizeof(text), &len) == SQL_SUCCESS) {
        std::cerr << msg << " | SQLSTATE=" << state << " native=" << nativeErr
                  << " text=" << text << "\n";
    } else {
        std::cerr << msg << " | (no diagnostics)\n";
    }
    std::exit(1);
}

int main() {
	
    SQLHENV env = SQL_NULL_HENV;
    SQLHDBC dbc = SQL_NULL_HDBC;
    SQLHSTMT stmt = SQL_NULL_HSTMT;

    // 1) Environment
    check(SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &env), env, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, "Alloc ENV");
    check(SQLSetEnvAttr(env, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (SQLPOINTER)SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0), env, SQL_HANDLE_ENV, "Set ODBC version");

    // 2) Connection
    check(SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, env, &dbc), dbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, "Alloc DBC");

    // Beispiel: SQL Login (User/Pass). Für Windows Integrated Security siehe unten.
    std::string conn =
        //"Driver={ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server};"
	"Driver={SQL Server};"
        //"Server=tcp:VIE-CLU-SQL04\\SEMACORE,1433;"
	"Server=VIE-CLU-SQL04\\SEMACORE;"
        "Database=AUDIT_DATA;"
        "Uid=admin;"
        "Pwd=W@s1dochnet!;"
        //"Encrypt=yes;"
        "TrustServerCertificate=yes;"; // in Produktion eher "no" + korrektes Zertifikat

    SQLCHAR outConn[1024];
    SQLSMALLINT outLen = 0;
    check(SQLDriverConnectA(dbc, NULL,
                            (SQLCHAR*)conn.c_str(), SQL_NTS,
                            outConn, sizeof(outConn), &outLen,
                            SQL_DRIVER_COMPLETE),
          dbc, SQL_HANDLE_DBC, "Connect");

    // 3) Query
    check(SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, dbc, &stmt), stmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, "Alloc STMT");

    const char* sql = "SELECT TOP (5) name FROM sys.databases ORDER BY name";
    check(SQLExecDirectA(stmt, (SQLCHAR*)sql, SQL_NTS), stmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, "Exec");

    // 4) Results lesen (1. und 3. Spalte als Text)
    char id[256];
    SQLLEN idInd = 0;
    char name[256];
    SQLLEN nameInd = 0;
    check(SQLBindCol(stmt, 3, SQL_C_CHAR, name, sizeof(name), &nameInd), stmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, "BindCol");
    check(SQLBindCol(stmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, id, sizeof(id), &idInd), stmt, SQL_HANDLE_STMT, "BindCol");

    while (SQLFetch(stmt) == SQL_SUCCESS) {
        std::cout << id << " == " << name << "\n";
    }

    // 5) Cleanup
    SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, stmt);
    SQLDisconnect(dbc);
    SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, dbc);
    SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, env);
}
</code>

<code bash>
g++ -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ -std=c++17 -O2 -Wall main.cpp -o mssql.exe -lodbc32
</code>

=====Downloads=====

  * [[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/download-sql-server-2016|Windows SQL Server 2016]]
  * [[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/download-sql-server-2019|Windows SQL Server 2019]]
  * [[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/download-sql-server-2022|Windows SQL Server 2022]]
  * [[https://download.microsoft.com/download/9/0/7/907AD35F-9F9C-43A5-9789-52470555DB90/ENU/SQLEXPR_x64_ENU.exe|Express Core]]
  * [[https://download.microsoft.com/download/9/0/7/907AD35F-9F9C-43A5-9789-52470555DB90/ENU/SQLEXPRADV_x64_ENU.exe|Express Advanced]]